English Irregular Verbs

Cvičebnice nepravidelných sloves v anglické gramatice

Pro středně pokročilé samouky

Alena Kuzmová

ÚVODEM

Kniha English Irregular Verbs je určena pro středně pokročilé studenty angličtiny, kteří již zvládli gramatickou strukturu anglického jazyka a osvojili si širší slovní zásobu. Nabízí studentům praktické procvičování anglických nepravidelných sloves ve všech slovesných tvarech, které v anglické gramatice existují. Cílem učebnice je naučit studenty užívat nepravidelná slovesa naprosto plynule a bez zaváhání.

Na začátku každé lekce je výběr několika nepravidelných sloves doplněných fonetickým přepisem jejich výslovnosti. Slovesa jsou uvedena v infinitivu, tvaru minulého času a příčestí minulého a jejich českém významu. Dále pak následuje řada různých cvičení na osvojení tvarů minulého času a příčestí minulého. Pomocí těchto cvičení si zároveň procvičíte užití anglických slovesných tvarů a časů. Na konci každé lekce najdete klíč k těmto cvičením, kde si hned ověříte výsledky své práce. Za poslední kapitolou je závěrečný test s klíčem, pomocí něhož si vyzkoušíte své celkové znalosti. Knihu uzavírá abecední seznam nepravidelných sloves použitých v učebnici a také přehled anglických slovesných tvarů.

Milí studenti, přála bych si, aby nová učebnice přispěla k upevnění vašich znalostí a stala se vaším užitečným pomocníkem. Mnoho úspěchů při studiu angličtiny vám přeje

Alena Kuzmová

LESSON 1

Anglická slovesa dělíme z hlediska tvorby minulého času a příčestí minulého na pravidelná a nepravidelná. Zatímco pravidelná slovesa tvoří minulý čas i příčestí minulé koncovkou -ed, nepravidelná slovesa mají své specifické tvary, které si musíme zapamatovat. V každém slovníku je v seznamu nepravidelných sloves u každého slovesa uveden tvar minulého času i příčestí minulého, jež jsou z hlediska tvoření anglických slovesných tvarů stejně důležité. Někdy je tvar minulého času totožný s tvarem příčestí minulého, někdy se liší. Nepravidelných sloves je více než 100. Je zapotřebí naučit se jejich tvary používat ve větách a procvičovat je tak dlouho, dokud se nám nezačnou vybavovat zcela automaticky bez přemýšlení. Spojíme-li perfektní znalost nepravidelných sloves se správným užíváním anglických slovesných tvarů a časů, náš ústní projev pak bude sebevědomý, plynulý a bezchybný.

Praktický příklad užití nepravidelného slovesa to write psát v různých slovesných tvarech a časech:

I wrote the letter yesterday but I haven’t sent it yet.

Napsal jsem ten dopis včera, ale ještě jsem ho neposlal.

The letter is written in English.

Ten dopis je napsán anglicky.

It must be written right now.

Musí se to napsat hned teď.

The report is just being written.

Ta zpráva se právě píše.

When will the letter be written?

Kdy bude napsán ten dopis?

I’ll have their addresses written.

Dám si napsat jejich adresy.

The letter should be written in English.

Ten dopis by se měl napsat anglicky.

Have you written the letter yet?

No, I haven’t. Napsal jste už ten dopis? Ne.

The letter has already been written. You can send it.

Ten dopis už je napsaný. Můžete ho poslat.

I had written the report before my boss arrived.

Napsal jsem tu zprávu, než přišel můj šéf.

I’ll have written the report by 2 p.m.

Napíšu tu zprávu do dvou odpoledne.

I would have written the report if you had asked me to.

Byl bych tu zprávu napsal, kdybys mě byl požádal.

Having written his homework, Jack ran to the sports field.

Když napsal svůj domácí úkol, Honza běžel na hřiště.

VÝBĚR NEPRAVIDELNÝCH SLOVES:

infinitiv:

minulý čas:

příčestí minulé:

be [bi:]

was [woz], were [wə:]

been [bi:n]

být

begin [bi 'gin]

began [bi 'gæn]

begun [bi 'gan]

začít

bite [bait]

bit [bit]

bitten ['bitn]

(po)kousat

bring [briŋ]

brought [bro:t]

brought [bro:t]

přinést; přivést

build [bild]

built [bilt]

built [bilt]

postavit

buy [bai]

bought [bo:t]

bought [bo:t]

koupit

catch [kæč]

caught [ko:t]

caught [ko:t]

chytit; stihnout

come [kam]

came [keim]

come [kam]

přijet; přijít

cost [kost]

cost [kost]

cost [kost]

stát (cena zboží)

cut [kat]

cut [kat]

cut [kat]

řezat; krájet; stříhat

do [do:]

did [did]

done [dan]

dělat

dream [dri:m]

dreamt [dremt]

dreamt [dremt]

snít; zdát se

drink [driŋk]

drank [dræŋk]

drunk [draŋk]

pít

drive [draiv]

drove [drəuv]

driven ['drivn]

řídit auto; svézt (koho)

fall [fo:l]

fell [fel]

fallen ['fo:lən]

spadnout; padat

have [hæv]

had [hæd]

had [hæd]

mít, vlastnit

meet [mi:t]

met [met]

met [met]

setkat se; seznámit se; jít naproti

take [teik]

took [tuk]

taken ['teikən]

vzít; svézt; trvat

CVIČENÍ:

1.1 Přeložte do angličtiny:

1. „Kde jsi byl včera večer?“ „Byl jsem v kině.“

2. Jirka s Pavlem nebyli na té schůzi, že ne?

3. Minulý týden jsme začali pracovat na novém projektu.

4. Včera mě něco kouslo do nohy.

5. Kdo k nám přivedl toho chlapce?

6. David mi vždy přinesl kytici rudých růží.

7. Náš soused si postavil chatu v horách.

8. Honza vždy koupil Markétě všechno, co chtěla.

9. Stihli jsme ten autobus na poslední chvíli.

10. Jana nastydla na posledním výletě.

11. Kdo byl ten vysoký chlapec, který přišel včera na tvůj večírek?

12. Vrátili jsme se v sobotu před půlnocí.

1.2 Doplňte slovesa v závorkách v minulém čase:

1. Our summer trip (cost) a lot of money.

2. I was cutting bread and I (cut) myself.

3. Who (do) your homework?

4. I (dream) about my former friend last night.

5. When I (be) young, I dreamt of my own house.

6. Yesterday we only (drink) red wine.

7. Who (drive) you home from the office function?

8. She (fall down) when she was going downstairs.

9. I (have to) work till late at night yesterday.

10. You (have) a visit yesterday evening, didn’t you?

11. My uncle from Moravia (come) to Prague yesterday. I (meet)

him at the railway station.

12. It (take) us half an hour to find their cottage.

13. I (take) your umbrella by mistake.

1.3 Vyjádřete tyto věty v trpném rodě:

1. We began to work on the new project last week.

2. Who brought the boy to our house?

3. They built their new house at the edge of the village.

4. Someone bought these magazines yesterday. Who was it?

5. Look! The police are just catching a thief.

6. You should cut the cheese with this sharp knife.

7. Who did your homework?

8. When did they drink the bottle of red wine?

9. Paul drove us home after the concert.

10. Someone took my umbrella by mistake.

11. You must bite the meat properly.

12. When I entered the dining room, they were just bringing soup.

13. They’ll bring your luggage to your room.

14. They would buy some flowers for Jane and her mother.

1.4 Sloveso v závorce použijte v minulém či předpřítomném čase:

1. What time you (come) home yesterday evening?

2. Jack is here. He (come) to help you.

3. Where you (do) the shopping yesterday?

4. I (not do) the shopping yet.

5. You are here at last! Where you (be)?

6. Take a seat. The meeting just (begin).

7. Something (bite) my leg yesterday afternoon.

8. Jack (bring) a strange guy to our club last week.

9. What beautiful roses! Who (bring) them?

10. “What shall we have for dinner?” “I just (buy) a delicious

pizza.”

11. The bottle is empty. Who (drink) the wine?

12. I (fall down) not far from our house. The pavement (be) really slippery yesterday night.

13. This is a good bicycle. How long you (have) it?

14. It (take) us an hour to get to their cottage.

15. Who (be) the boy we (meet) in the park this afternoon?

KLÍČ KE CVIČENÍM:

1.1

1. “Where were you yesterday evening?” “I was at the cinema.”

2. George and Paul weren’t at the meeting, were they?

3. We began to work on a new project last week.

4. Something bit my leg yesterday.

5. Who brought the boy to our place?

6. David always brought me a bouquet of red roses.

7. Our neighbour built his cottage in the mountains.

8. Jack always bought Margaret what she wanted.

9. We caught the bus in the nick of time.

10. Jane caught a cold on the last trip.

11. Who was the tall boy who came to your party yesterday?

12. We came back on Saturday before midnight.

1.2

1.

cost

8.

fell down

2.

cut

9.

had to

3.

did

10.

had

4.

dreamt

11.

came; met

5.

was

12.

took

6.

drank

13.

took

7.

drove

1.3

1. The work on the new project was begun last week.

2. Who was the boy brought by to our house?

3. Their new house was built at the edge of the village.

4. Who were these magazines bought by yesterday?

5. Look! A thief is just being caught by the police.

6. The cheese should be cut with this sharp knife.

7. Who was your homework done by?

8. When was the bottle of red wine drunk?

9. We were driven home by Paul after the concert.

10. My umbrella was taken by someone by mistake.

11. The meat must be bitten properly.

12. When I entered the dining room, soup was just being brought.

13. Your luggage will be brought to your room.

14. Some flowers would be bought for Jane and her mother.

1.4

1. What time did you come home yesterday evening?

2. Jack is here. He has (He’s) come to help you.

3. Where did you do the shopping yesterday?

4. I haven’t done the shopping yet.

5. You are here at last! Where have you been?

6. Take a seat. The meeting has just begun.

7. Something bit my leg yesterday afternoon.

8. Jack brought a strange guy to our club last week.

9. What beautiful roses! Who has (Who’s) brought them?

10. “What shall we have for dinner?” “I have (I’ve) just bought a

delicious pizza.”

11. The bottle is empty. Who has (Who’s) drunk the wine?

12. I fell down not far from our house. The pavement was really

slippery yesterday night.

13. This is a good bicycle. How long have you had it?

14. It took us an hour to get to their cottage.

15. Who was the boy we met in the park this afternoon?

LESSON 2

VÝBĚR NEPRAVIDELNÝCH SLOVES:

infinitiv:

minulý čas:

příčestí minulé:

become

[bi 'kam]

became

[bi 'keim]

become

[bi 'kam]

stát se (čím, jakým)

break [breik]

broke [brəuk]

broken ['brəukən]

rozbít, porouchat se

choose [ču:z]

chose [čəuz]

chosen ['čəuzən]

zvolit, vybrat (si)

draw [dro:]

drew [dru:]

drawn [dro:n]

kreslit; táhnout

eat [i:t]

ate [et, eit]

eaten ['i:tn]

jíst, sníst

feel [fi:l]

felt [felt]

felt [felt]

cítit (se)

get [get]

got [got]

got [got]

dostat (se), obstarat

give [giv]

gave [geiv]

given ['givən]

dát (komu)

go [gəu]

went [went]

gone [gon]

jít; jet

leave [li:v]

left [left]

left [left]

odejít; odjet; opustit; nechat

make [meik]

made [meid]

made [meid]

dělat; vyrábět

pay [pei]

paid [peid]

paid [peid]

(za)platit

see [si:]

saw [so:]

seen [si:n]

(u)vidět

speak [spi:k]

spoke [spəuk]

spoken ['spəukən]

mluvit

write [rait]

wrote [rəut]

written ['ritən]

psát

CVIČENÍ:

2.1 Přeložte do češtiny:

1. Who broke my favourite vase?

2. My mum chose the curtains and I chose the carpet.

3. I can’t find the map of your neighbourhood you gave me

yesterday.

4. My cousin Ann wanted to be an actress but in the end she

became a doctor.

5. Sue ate half of the cake because she was very hungry.

6. I wonder who drew this picture.

7. I got home well past midnight and felt exhausted.

8. Little Jane made some presents for her parents.

2.2 Vyjádřete tyto věty v minulém čase:

1. The Novaks go skiing in the mountains every winter.

2. I sometimes leave the keys in my office.

3. Who pays your debts?

4. She always speaks about her work with enthusiasm.

5. I often see her coming out of their house.

6. The boy writes nasty words with white chalk on our street door.

7. Can you tell me who gives you the money?

8. I always feel so happy when I get home.

2.3 Vytvořte otázky k těmto větám, jak je naznačeno:

1. Jack always paid all expenses for the household.

Who......................................................................................?

What.....................................................................................?

2. Jane gave me a nice ring for my birthday.

What.....................................................................................?

3. David ate all the chocolate cakes because he was very hungry.

Who.......................................................................................?

Why.......................................................................................?

4. I got to our firm at 7 o’clock since I wanted to speak to our boss before the meeting began.

When.....................................................................................?

Why.......................................................................................?

5. I saw the broken lamp in the dustbin.

Where....................................................................................?

6. I cut the cheese with this sharp knife.

What...............................................................................with?

7. Tom really felt embarrassed when being asked about his salary.

How.......................................................................................?

8. My mum chose this elegant dress for me.

Who......................................................................................?

Who..................................................................................for?

2.4 Ze slov v závorce vytvořte věty v předminulém čase:

1. I wanted to eat the chocolate cake but it wasn’t in the fridge.

(somebody – eat – it)

2. Jim asked me to go to the cinema with him but I didn’t.

(I – already – see – the film – twice)

3. Jack didn’t have to explain anything to me.

(I – already – speak – to our boss).

4. They asked me to write the report but it wasn’t necessary.

(I – already – write – it)

5. You needn’t have borrowed any money.

(I – already – get – the salary).

6. Jack came home. His wife wasn’t there.

(she – leave – for work).

7. I arrived at the station a little late and my train wasn’t there.

(it – already – go)

8. I saw some chips of glass in the waste bin this morning. (somebody – break – my favourite beer glass).

2.5 Doplňte sloveso v závorce v předpřítomném či předminulém čase:

1. James……….already…………..(become) a manager in a bank

before I moved to Prague.

2. You needn’t pay anything, sir.

Your bill……...already…………….(be paid).

3. Ann really looked beautiful in the new dress. She………………….(choose) it in a small shop in the suburbs.

4. What you said at the meeting this morning was really embarrassing.

I……….never…………..(feel) so humiliated before.

5. ……….you………..(give) George my message? I wonder why he isn’t answering.

6. What a nice gift! Who……………….(make) it?

7. Someone………………..(draw) the picture before I came into the office.

8. Your aunt Eve is an excellent cook. I must say I……...never………...(eat) such a delicious meal.

9. I……..just……….(make) lunch. You can eat.

10. When I arrived at the hotel, Adam was waiting at the reception desk. He……………..(get) there half an hour earlier.

KLÍČ KE CVIČENÍM:

2.1

1. Kdo rozbil mou oblíbenou vázu?

2. Maminka vybrala záclony a já jsem vybrala koberec.

3. Nemohu najít mapu vašeho okolí, kterou jste mi včera dal.

4. Moje sestřenice Anna chtěla být herečkou, ale nakonec se stala lékařkou.

5. Sue snědla polovinu toho dortu, protože měla velký hlad.

6. Rád bych věděl, kdo kreslil tento obrázek.

7. Dorazila jsem domů dlouho po půlnoci a cítila jsem se vyčerpaná.

8. Janička vyrobila dárky pro své rodiče.

2.2

1. The Novaks went skiing in the mountains every winter.

2. I sometimes left the keys in my office.

3. Who paid your debts?

4. She always spoke about her work with enthusiasm.

5. I often saw her coming out of their house.

6. The boy wrote nasty words with white chalk on our street door.

7. Can you tell me who gave you the money?

8. I always felt so happy when I got home.

2.3

1. Who always paid all expenses for the household?

What did Jack always pay?

2. What did Jane give you for your birthday?

3. Who ate all the chocolate cakes?

Why did David eat all the chocolate cakes?

4. When did you get to our firm?

Why did you get to our firm at 7 o’clock?

5. Where did you see the broken lamp?

6. What did you cut the cheese with?

7. How did Tom feel when being asked about his salary?

8. Who chose this elegant dress for you?

Who did mum choose this elegant dress for?

2.4

1. Somebody had eaten it.

2. I had (I’d) already seen the film twice.

3. I had (I’d) already spoken to our boss.

4. I had (I’d) already written it.

5. I had (I’d) already got the salary.

6. She had (she’d) left for work.

7. It had already gone.

8. Somebody had broken my favourite beer glass.

2.5

1. James had already become a manager in a bank before I moved to Prague.

2. You needn’t pay anything, sir. Your bill has already been paid.

3. Ann really looked beautiful in the new dress. She had (She’d) chosen it in a small shop in the suburbs.

4. What you said at the meeting this morning was really embarrassing. I had (I’d) never felt so humiliated before.

5. Have you given George my message? I wonder why he isn’t answering.

6. What a nice gift! Who has (Who’s) made it?

7. Someone had drawn the picture before I came into the office.

8. Your aunt Eve is an excellent cook. I must say I have (I’ve) never eaten such a delicious meal.

9. I have (I’ve) just made lunch. You can eat.

10. When I arrived at the hotel, Adam was waiting at the reception desk. He had (He’d) got there half an hour earlier.

Konec ukázky

Table of Contents

Titulní strana

ÚVODEM

LESSON 1

VÝBĚR NEPRAVIDELNÝCH SLOVES:

CVIČENÍ:

KLÍČ KE CVIČENÍM:

LESSON 2

VÝBĚR NEPRAVIDELNÝCH SLOVES:

CVIČENÍ:

KLÍČ KE CVIČENÍM:

LESSON 3

LESSON 4

LESSON 5

LESSON 6

LESSON 7

LESSON 8

LESSON 9

LESSON 10

ZÁVĚREČNÝ TEST